Higher Level Extension
Unit 8  ·  IB Chemistry · Higher Level · Higher Level

Thermodynamics (HL)

Exploring energy changes in chemical reactions, focusing on enthalpy, entropy, and the spontaneity of processes.

SL HL ~ hrs
1 H 1.008
6 C 12.011
29 Cu 63.546
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HL Video Lessons

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Gibbs Free Energy_Born Haber Cycles [HL]
12 Mg 24.305
10 Ne 20.180
Entropy ($S$)
A measure of the distribution of energy (disorder) in a system.
Gibbs Free Energy ($G$)
The energy available to do work in a system at constant T and P ($\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$).
Spontaneous Reaction
A reaction that occurs without constant external work ($-\Delta G$).
Lattice Enthalpy
The enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic compound is broken into gaseous ions.
Born-Haber Cycle
Energy cycle used to determine lattice enthalpies from experimental data.
Enthalpy of Hydration
Enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous ions dissolves in water to form an infinitely dilute solution.
Enthalpy of Solution
Net enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic solid dissolves in water.
26 Fe 55.845
79 Au 196.967
17 Cl 35.45