Lesson Slideshow Section 01
Unit Summary Section 02
Key Concepts
Formal Charge, Sigma/Pi Bonds, Hybridization, Resonance Hybrids
Assessment Objectives
Calculate formal charge, Identify orbital hybridization (sp, sp2, sp3), Explain sigma/pi formation
Prior Knowledge Needed
Valence electrons, Lewis structures, electronegativity (S3.1)
IB Syllabus Reference
S2.1, S2.2
Interactive Study GuideClick here to view the full, detailed topic summary for this unit.
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Cu
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Video Lesson Section 03
HL Video Lessons
1 Extensions Available
Resonance Structures_Formal Charge_Hybridization [HL]
Practice Quiz Section 04 · Interactive
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Ne
20.180
Vocabulary Review Section 05
Formal Charge
The charge assigned to an atom in a molecule assuming electrons in bonds are shared equally ($FC = V - N - B/2$).
Sigma ($\sigma$) Bond
Bond formed by the axial (head-on) overlap of atomic orbitals.
Pi ($\pi$) Bond
Bond formed by the sideways overlap of p-orbitals.
Hybridization
The concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals ($sp, sp^2, sp^3$).
Delocalization
Electrons are shared between more than two atoms in a molecule or ion ($e.g., benzene, ozone$).
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Fe
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Revision Notes Section 06
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Au
196.967
Practice Tests Section 07
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Cl
35.45
Worksheets & Labs Section 08